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——吴海龙紫砂养生产业初探

国家级工艺美术大师吴海龙是吴氏陶艺第五代传人，他创立的紫砂陶艺品牌“吴氏金鼎壶”汇聚了百年匠心，千年文化，以独具特色的非物质文化遗产成为国家注册商标。走出国门，享誉全球。吴海龙还将壶艺和茶道深度融合，不仅使“吴氏金鼎壶”赏心悦目，具有很强的艺术价值和审美功能，而且在赏壶品茶后养生健体，很好地起到了非药物疗法之功效，广受国内外紫砂和茶艺圈内人的青睐。

吴海龙善于挖掘和总结吴氏前辈的养生经验，有一套独特的保健理念。他深谙壶艺，也熟知茶道。因为紫砂壶的实用功能，首推以壶煮茶泡茶。捧壶论紫砂，饮茶谈茶道，使壶艺与茶道融为一体，是一种高雅的文化艺术活动，凝聚了古代先贤的文化智慧。进入现代文明社会，呼应现代人新的生活方式，满足日益进步的物质需求和精神追求。吴海龙追本溯源，由壶艺推究茶道。他认为，茶起源于中国，兴盛于唐宋，吸天地之精华，伴日月而生长。他说“神农尝百草，日遇七十二毒，得茶而解之”。于是，茶叶由原始森林吸云饮露的草木成为人们消毒提神、解乏去困的仙药。古人早就以茶叶调制冲泡，既是“柴米油盐酱醋茶”开门七件事不可或缺的日常生活，又是“琴棋书画诗酒茶”文人雅士精神文化生活的重要元素。我国有悠久的茶文化，经过一代代茶人之巧手，培育制作了六大类数千种茶叶。其绿茶、红茶、白茶、青茶、黄茶、黑茶，加上龙井、祁红、大红袍、黄金桂不同的地域特色，形态多异，蔚为壮观。长期的养生实践已经充分证明，喝茶能使人焕发精神、延年益寿。相传唐代唐玄宗之女永乐公主自幼体弱多病，面容干瘪，后经高人指点，经常泡茶饮服，后来出落得如花似玉、异常健美。根据科学测试，茶中含有丰富的生物碱、蛋白质、氨基酸、微量元素等多种营养成分，长久饮服，能增进食欲、溶解脂肪、抑菌消炎、提神健脑。茶本身已包含了深厚的文化，不负上苍厚爱，既是物质的，也是精神的，形成了多姿多彩的茶道茶艺文化。由形而下的生活方式上升为形而上的精神享受，登入文化殿堂雅座，注入文化、饮食、人生等哲理元素，同时讲究品饮艺术，从选茗、选水、备具、烹煮至品饮，追求美的享受。小小一片茶叶，吸取日月精华，在优质泉水中自我膨胀开来，将精华融入茶水，使人的精气神得到充分蓄养，升华到一个新的境界。

随着茶文化的不断拓展，紫砂文化随之兴起。宜兴紫砂壶享有“世间茶具称为首”之美誉，究其原因，在于其与茶文化的深度融合中，呈现出在材质、工艺、使用功能及文化上无可比拟的优势。紫砂泥矿土是宜兴特有的一种含铁质、黏土质和粉矿岩的自然特殊矿土，被称为“岩中岩”“泥中泥”。紫砂矿土经风化、粉碎、炼制后的泥料具有可塑性强、干燥收缩率小及透气性好的特点。紫砂泥具有较强的粘合力，不粘手、不粘工具，有良好的成型性能，使制壶艺人自由发挥，创作出千姿百态的紫砂茗壶。“吴氏金鼎壶”就是紫砂百花园中的一朵奇葩，在光货、方货和花货制作中，形成了自己独特的技艺。吴海龙家中珍藏了数吨黄龙山紫泥，有底槽清、天青泥、老紫泥、紫茄泥等。吴海龙传承吴氏先人的工匠精神，重视制壶的每一道工序，每一个细，首先就是选取优质的紫砂泥料。在此基础上，他勤于观察，精心构思，巧妙设计，将吴氏家传的审美理念恰到好处的融入每一件作品之中。细细欣赏他的每一件作品，从壶身、壶钮、壶嘴至把手，都是相互呼应，相得益彰，构成一个和谐完美的艺术整体。这里，我们不妨一起来欣赏他的两件代表作品。

其一是“哈密瓜壶”。吴海龙选用了温润细腻的黄龙山段泥，以新疆出产的哈密瓜为壶体，以瓜的枝、藤、叶分别作为壶的把手、壶嘴、壶钮，以不同颜色的段泥装饰壶体纹理，采用立体造型的手法，把饱满的枝叶通过壶把巧妙地覆盖到壶面上，丝丝入扣，惟妙惟肖。哈密瓜粗糙的表皮、鲜嫩的枝叶，逼真细腻、婀娜多姿，在大自然中焕发出蓬勃向上的生命气息，高奏出一曲生机勃勃的田园牧歌。那小小的一把壶，既是大自然产物的真实写照，又是创作者才思的艺术结晶。

其二是“彩蝶壶”。吴海龙采用虚实结合的手法，以一个花瓣为壶面，以一只舞动的花蝴蝶为壶钮，以花藤叶蔓作为壶把壶嘴，前后呼应。正面欣赏，花瓣盛开，藤摇叶卷，一只花蝴蝶翩翩而来，舞动着伏扑于花蕊之上，尽情吮吸着大自然的芬芳。壶型饱满，线条挺括，删繁就简，高雅脱俗。几种不同色彩的泥料丰富了整体造型，十分和谐，给人带来一幅风拂花香、蝶飞春暖的美丽图景。动与静的结合更使人赏心悦目。以上两件作品都在国家级比赛中荣获金奖。

“吴氏金鼎壶”成型以后，吴海龙小心翼翼的加以干燥到一定程度以后，进入老窑烧制，其窑温必须保证在1150度以上。其绞泥壶用的是祖传配方，每一件泥在色彩的搭配和份量的分配上都有不同变化。均以纱布包裹数天后打压，而且都是双面绞泥，穿透力非常强，烧制也不容易开裂。

为了真正起到养生保健效果，吴海龙还十分讲究茗壶的取水和用水。取来的泉水出于紫砂水缸，然后以他的养生壶烧煮沸腾后，再加以过滤。在壶里的茶水取其5公分以上的，因为在5公分下的茶水含有超量的重金属元素。饮茶还需讲究时间差异，上午喝绿茶，可以消炎排毒。茶能杀死胃肠粘膜里的细菌，减轻细菌的毒性，起到消炎止泻的作用，并有一种强力的抗氧化功能，抑制细胞衰老，抑制致癌物质。下午饮红茶，能增进食欲，促进胃肠蠕动，加快消化吸收，还能扩张心脏血管，改善心肌供血，调节脂肪代谢，降低胆固醇，防止心脑血管疾病的发生。

人的肉体受控于生物基因，而人的灵魂受到先于个体存在的“文化基因”的控制。吴海龙认为茶具具有使人健康的物质基础，又有让人愉悦的精神涵养，从美的感受中调节心理，使心理健康与躯体健康并驾齐驱，拥有“健康养老”的人生福祉。坚守先辈古朴严谨的传统工艺，继承高雅简练的独特技法，注重表达力度和生命气息。他依据日趋盛行的“茶道”，采用多样化的制壶手法，设计制作出与新的饮茶方式相匹配的茗壶杰作。他或雕或缕，或捏或塑，将一段段紫泥演绎为一件件精美的保健艺术品，既有养生实用功能，又有赏心悦目的审美价值。他制作的养生光器外形精致，轮廓分明，简洁高雅。他出品的养生花器造型逼真，纹理清晰，疏密有致。他仿效苏东坡制作的提梁养生壶，造型高古，壶体与提梁虚实对比，直线干净利落，曲线流畅奔放，静如高僧静坐，吉祥安逸；曲似美女浣纱，流水有声。

吴海龙精湛的壶艺能养气。他依据紫砂泥的柔性和色彩，从造型、刻章、铭文、绘画到篆刻，都洋溢着文化情趣，跟随他的构思来感悟。可以跟道家学大气，跟佛家学静气，跟儒家学正气，让人大道为心，自然为意，日月为形，天地为神，进入养生仙境。

“吴氏金鼎壶”能养心。修身在于养心，养心务求本真。品茶中把玩茗壶，通过茶人的口、舌、鼻、眼、手等感官充分体会与享受。捧于手中，舒筋活血；饮茶生津，温及肠胃；纯洁真诚，沁入脑际；自然天成，享受无穷乐趣。

在社会进步，经济发展，物质财富增加，生活节奏加快的时代背景下，人们在追求物质享受，保障身体健康的同时，更加注重对精神文化的追求。青山绿水，碧野芳草，茗壶泡茶，美妙绝伦。为进一步促进紫砂文化和养生事业的发展，吴海龙先后创办了“吴氏陶艺”、“吴海龙紫砂艺术馆”和 “藏紫阁”。作为对外交流的重要窗口，由此吸引了海内外无数爱好者的目光。许多人纷至沓来，在传统的饮茶习惯的基础上变得更加丰富多彩。吴海龙始终不忘家风家训，“一生只做一件事，一事只怀一颗心”，将他的壶艺和茶道深度融合，把非药物疗法的紫砂养生事业推向一个新的境地。

-- a preliminary study on the purple sand health care industry of wu hailong

Wu hailong, a national master of arts and crafts, is a descendant of the fifth generation of wu's ceramic art. His zisha ceramic art brand "wu's golden pot pot" has gathered a hundred years of ingenuity and a thousand years of culture, and has become a national registered trademark with its unique intangible cultural heritage. Go abroad and enjoy a worldwide reputation. Wu hailong also deeply integrates pot art and tea ceremony, which not only makes "wu's golden pot pot" pleasing to the eye and has a strong artistic value and aesthetic function, but also keeps healthy and healthy after enjoying pot tea, which plays a good role in non-drug therapy and is widely favored by purple sand and tea art circles at home and abroad.

Wu hailong is good at mining and summing up the health experience of his predecessors, and has a unique health care concept. He is well versed in pot art and tea ceremony. Because of the practical function of zisha pot, the first step is to brew tea in a pot. Holding a pot on zisha, drinking tea and talking about the tea ceremony, so that the pot art and tea ceremony into one, is an elegant cultural and artistic activities, embodies the cultural wisdom of ancient sages. Into the modern civilization society, echo the modern people's new way of life, meet the increasingly progressive material needs and spiritual pursuit. Wu hailong traces the origin of the tea ceremony by pot art. Tea, he thought, originated in China and flourished in the tang and song dynasties, absorbing the essence of heaven and earth and growing with the sun and moon. He said, "shennong taste 100 herbs, 72 poison, tea and solution." Therefore, tea from the primeval forest to absorb the cloud drink dew of the vegetation became people's disinfection refreshing, tired to sleepy fairy medicine. The ancient people have long used tea to brew, which is not only an indispensable daily life of "daily necessities, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar tea", but also an important element in the spiritual and cultural life of literati such as "qin, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea". China has a long tea culture, through generations of tea people's skillful hands, the cultivation and production of six kinds of thousands of tea. Its green tea, black tea, white tea, green tea, yellow tea, black tea, plus longjing, qi hong, da hong pao, gold laurel different regional characteristics, the form is much different, magnificent. Long-term health practice has fully proved that tea can make people coruscated and prolong life. It is said that the daughter of tang xuanzong, princess yongle, had a weak and sickly body and a shriveled face. According to scientific test, tea contains rich alkaloids, proteins, amino acids, trace elements and other nutrients, long-term drinking, can enhance appetite, dissolve fat, antibacterial anti-inflammatory, refreshing brain. Tea itself has contained a profound culture, not only material, but also spiritual, forming a colorful tea ceremony tea art culture. From the physical way of life to the metaphysical spiritual enjoyment, into the cultural palace, inject culture, food, life and other philosophical elements, and pay attention to the art of drinking, from tea, water, supplies, cooking to drinking, the pursuit of beauty. A small piece of tea absorbs the essence of the sun and the moon, expands itself in the high-quality spring water, and blends the essence into the tea, so that the spirit and spirit of people can be fully stored and sublimated to a new realm.

With the continuous expansion of tea culture, the purple sand culture rises. Yixing zisha pot enjoys the reputation of "the first tea set in the world". The reason lies in its deep integration with tea culture, which presents incomparable advantages in material, craft, function and culture. Zisha clay ore soil is a kind of natural special ore soil that contains iron, clay and silty rock, which is called "rock in rock" and "mud in mud". After weathering, crushing and refining, the clay of zisha ore has the characteristics of strong plasticity, small drying shrinkage and good permeability. Zisha mud has a strong adhesive force, not stick to the hand, not stick to the tool, has a good molding performance, so that the pot maker free play, create a variety of zisha tea pot. "Wu's golden tripod pot" is a wonderful flower in zisha hundred garden, in the light of goods, square goods and flower goods production, formed their own unique skills. Wu hailong treasured in the home a few tons of yellow dragon mountain purple mud, have bottom trough clear, day green mud, old purple mud, purple eggplant mud. Wu hailong inherits the craftsman spirit of wu's ancestors and attaches great importance to every process and every detail of pot making. On this basis, he diligently observed, carefully conceived, ingenious design, the wu family's aesthetic ideas just right into each work. Each of his works, from the body of the kettle, the knob, the spout to the handle, are mutually echo and bring out the best in each other, forming a harmonious and perfect artistic whole. Here, we might as well appreciate his two representative works together.

One is the cantaloupe pot. Wu chose Huang Longshan period of mud of wen run is exquisite, produce of hami melon in xinjiang as the pot body, with melon, vines and leaves respectively as, spout, pot pot handle knob, embellished with different color piece of clay pot body texture, use the technique of three-dimensional modelling, ably to cover the full of branches by pot into the pot, interesting, perfectly. Cantaloupe rough skin, fresh and tender branches and leaves, realistic and delicate, graceful, in the nature of the glowing vibrant life, high play a vibrant idyllic song. The small pot is not only a true portrayal of the products of nature, but also an artistic crystallization of the creator's thoughts.

The second is the "butterfly pot". Wu hailong adopts the technique of combining virtual with real, with a petal as the pot surface, with a dancing butterfly as the pot knob, with the flower vine as the pot spout, echo before and after. Front appreciation, petals in full bloom, rattan shake leaf roll, a flower butterfly come, dance fu flapping on the stamen, sucking the fragrance of nature. Full pot shape, straight lines, simple and simple, elegant and free from vulgarity. The mud material of a few kinds of different color enriched integral modelling, very harmonious, bring a beautiful scene that the wind blows sweet flowers, butterfly flies spring warm to the person. The combination of motion and stillness is more pleasing to the eye. Both of the above two works won the gold medal in the national competition.

After the forming of "wu's golden pot", wu hailong carefully dried it to a certain degree and then went into the old kiln. The kiln temperature must be above 1150 degrees. Its ground clay pot USES ancestral formula, each clay has different change on the collocation of color and the distribution of quantity. All with gauze package after a few days of pressure, and are two - sided ground mud, penetration is very strong, burning is not easy to crack.

In order to really play a health care effect, wu hailong is also very particular about the tea pot water and water. The spring water was taken from a purple clay VAT and boiled in his health pot before being filtered. Take more than 5 centimeters of tea in the pot, because at 5 centimeters of tea contains excessive amounts of heavy metals. Drink tea to still need to pay attention to time difference, drink green tea in the morning, can diminish inflammation detoxification. Tea can kill the bacteria in gastric bowel mucous membrane, reduce the toxicity of bacteria, have the effect of antiphlogistic antidiarrheal, and have a kind of powerful antioxidant function, inhibit cell senescence, inhibit carcinogen. Afternoon drink black tea, can enhance appetite, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, accelerate digestion and absorption, but also can dilate cardiac vessels, improve myocardial blood supply, regulate fat metabolism, reduce cholesterol, prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The human body is controlled by biological genes, while the human soul is controlled by "memes" that predate individual existence. Wu hailong thinks that tea set has the material foundation that makes a person healthy, have the spiritual self-restraint that makes a person cheerful again, adjust psychology from beautiful feeling, make mental health and body health keep pace with each other, have "health endowment" life well-being. Adhere to the primitive and rigorous traditional craft, inherit elegant and concise unique techniques, pay attention to the expression of strength and life. Based on the increasingly popular "tea ceremony", he used a variety of pot making techniques to design and produce a masterpiece of tea pot matching the new way of drinking tea. He either carves or wisps, or kneads or models, deduces a section of purple mud into a piece of exquisite health care works of art, which not only has the practical function of health maintenance, but also has the aesthetic value of pleasing to the eye. He made the health of the light is exquisite, clear-cut, simple and elegant. He produced health flower device modeling realistic, clear texture, density. He imitated the liang health pot made by su dongpo, and the shape was high in ancient times. The pot body was compared with the virtual and real of the girder, the straight line was clean and clean, the curve was smooth and unrestrained. Like beauty huan sha, running water sound.

Wu hailong's exquisite pot art can nourish the spirit. According to the flexibility and color of purple clay, he is permeated with cultural interest from modeling, carving, inscription, painting to seal cutting. We can learn the atmosphere from Taoism, learn the static spirit from Buddhism, and learn the righteous spirit from Confucianism, so that people's way is the heart, nature is the meaning, the sun and the moon is the form, the heaven and the earth is the god, into the health fairyland.

"Wu's golden pot" can nourish the heart. Cultivate one's morality is to cultivate one's mind. Playing with a tea pot in tea tasting can fully experience and enjoy tea through the tea people's mouth, tongue, nose, eyes, hands and other senses. Holding in the hands, shujin huoxue; Tea shengjin, warm and stomach; Pure and sincere, qinjin into the mind; Natural, enjoy endless fun.

Under the background of social progress, economic development, increasing material wealth and accelerated pace of life, people pay more attention to the pursuit of spiritual culture while pursuing material enjoyment and ensuring physical health. Green mountains, green water, green grass, tea pot, wonderful. In order to further promote the development of zisha culture and health undertakings, wu hailong successively established the "wu pottery art", "wu hailong zisha art museum" and "zang zige". As an important window for foreign exchanges, it has attracted the attention of numerous lovers at home and abroad. Many people came in droves to enrich their tea drinking habits. Wu hailong does not forget family tradition from beginning to end family motto, "the whole life only does one thing, one thing only bosom one heart", will his pot art and tea ceremony depth of integration, the purple sand health cause that does not drug treatment pushes to a new situation.

壶艺茶道相融合•养生保健胜妙方·好紫砂壶诞生的制作过程

Pot art tea ceremony integration • health care wins magic formula · good zisha pot production process